中心議題：

• 電力係統繼電保護作用與要求
• 繼電保護的幹擾因素
• 加強電力係統繼電保護的方法及措施

jidianbaohushidianlixitongzuizhongyaodeercixitong。taduidianlixitonganquanwendingdiyunxingqizhejiweizhongyaodizuoyong。suizhejinnianlaiweijijidianbaohudebuduantouru，yiwangdejianyanbiaozhunyizhujianbushiyingxitongdefazhan，yinci。womenxuyaoxunqiugengjiawanshandejianyanfangfa，zhiyouxitong、全麵、準確地進行繼電保護檢驗。才能確保整個電力係統的安全。本文筆者根據多年的工作經驗，綜述了繼電保護在電力起到的作用。及內、外界對其影響幹擾的原因，同時提出了如何加強對其防護的措施。

1電力係統繼電保護作用與要求

1.1繼電保護的作用與組成

在電力係統的被保護元件發生故障時，繼電保護裝置應能自動、迅速
、有選擇地將故障元件從電力係統中切除，以保證無故障部分迅速恢複正常運行，並使故障元件免於繼續遭受損害。減少停電範圍;到90年代初集成電路及大規模集成電路保護的研製、生產
、應用處於主導地位，目前正在研究麵向智能信息處理的計算機繼電保護時代。

1.2繼電保護的基本要求

繼電保護應滿足可靠性、選擇性

、靈ling敏min性xing和he速su動dong性xing的de要yao求qiu。可ke靠kao性xing是shi指zhi繼ji電dian保bao護hu裝zhuang置zhi在zai保bao護hu範fan圍wei內nei該gai動dong作zuo時shi應ying可ke靠kao動dong作zuo，在zai正zheng常chang運yun行xing狀zhuang態tai時shi，不bu該gai動dong作zuo時shi應ying可ke靠kao不bu動dong作zuo。速su動dong性xing是shi指zhi保bao護hu裝zhuang置zhi應ying盡jin快kuai地di切qie除chu短duan路lu故gu障zhang，以yi減jian輕qing損sun壞huai程cheng度du
，指zhi保bao護hu裝zhuang置zhi應ying盡jin快kuai切qie除chu短duan路lu故gu障zhang

，其qi目mu的de是shi提ti高gao係xi統tong穩wen定ding性xing，減jian輕qing故gu障zhang設she備bei和he線xian路lu的de損sun壞huai程cheng度du，縮suo小xiao故gu障zhang波bo及ji範fan圍wei

，提ti高gao自zi動dong重zhong合he閘zha和he備bei用yong設she備bei自zi動dong投tou入ru的de效xiao果guo。

2繼電保護的幹擾因素

2.1雷擊

dangbiandianzhandejiedibujianhuobileiqizaoshouleijishi，youyubiandianzhandediwangweigaozukanghuocongshebeidaodiwangdejiedixianweigaozukang，doujiangyinleijichanshengdegaopindianliuzaibiandianzhandediwangxitongzhongyinqizantaidianweideshenggao，jiukenengdaozhijidianbaohuzhuangzhiwudongzuohuosunhuailingminshebeiyukongzhihuilu。

2.2高頻幹擾

如果電力係統在隔離開關的de操cao作zuo速su度du緩huan慢man，操cao作zuo時shi在zai隔ge離li開kai關guan的de兩liang個ge觸chu點dian問wen就jiu會hui產chan生sheng電dian弧hu閃shan絡luo，從cong而er產chan生sheng操cao作zuo過guo電dian壓ya，出chu現xian高gao頻pin電dian流liu
，高gao頻pin電dian流liu通tong過guo母mu線xian時shi，將jiang在zai母mu線xian周zhou圍wei產chan生sheng很hen強qiang的de電dian場chang和he磁ci場chang，從cong而er對dui相xiang關guan二er次ci回hui路lu和he二er次ci設she備bei產chan生sheng幹gan擾rao，當dang幹gan擾rao水shui平ping超chao過guo裝zhuang置zhi邏luo輯ji元yuan件jian允yun許xu的de幹gan擾rao水shui平ping時shi，將jiang引yin起qi繼ji電dian保bao護hu裝zhuang置zhi的de不bu正zheng常chang工gong作zuo，從cong而er使shi整zheng個ge裝zhuang置zhi的de工gong作zuo邏luo輯ji或huo出chu口kou邏luo輯ji異yi常chang，對dui係xi統tong的de穩wen定ding造zao成cheng很hen大da的de破po壞huai。高gao頻pin電dian流liu通tong過guo接jie地di電dian容rong設she備bei流liu人ren地di網wang
，將jiang引yin起qi地di電dian位wei的de升sheng高gao。
     
2.3輻射幹擾

zaixinshiqi，dianlixitongzhouweijingchanghuibuhuajiheyidongtongxindenggongju，nametadezhouweijiangchanshengqiangfushedianchanghexiangyingdecichang。bianhuadecichangouhedaofujinderuodianzishebeidehuiluzhong。huilujiangganyingchugaopindianya，xingchengyigejiaxinhaoyuan，congerdaozhijidianbaohuzhuangzhibuzhengquedongzuo。
[page]
2.4靜電放電幹擾

zaiganzaodehuanjingxia，gongzuorenyuandeyiwushangkenenghuidaiyougaodianya
，zaichuanjueyuanxuedeqingkuangxia
，tamenkeyijiangdianhedaidaohenyuandedifang，suoyidanggongzuorenyuanjiechudianzishebeishihuiduiqifangdian，fangdiandechengduyishebeidejiediqingkuang

，huanjingbutongerbutong
，yanzhongshihuishaohuidianziyuanjian，pohuaijidianbaohuxitong。

2.5直流電源幹擾

當(dang)變(bian)電(dian)所(suo)內(nei)發(fa)生(sheng)接(jie)地(di)故(gu)障(zhang)時(shi)，在(zai)變(bian)電(dian)站(zhan)地(di)網(wang)中(zhong)和(he)大(da)地(di)中(zhong)流(liu)過(guo)接(jie)地(di)故(gu)障(zhang)電(dian)流(liu)，通(tong)過(guo)地(di)網(wang)的(de)接(jie)地(di)電(dian)阻(zu)，使(shi)接(jie)地(di)故(gu)障(zhang)後(hou)的(de)變(bian)電(dian)站(zhan)地(di)網(wang)電(dian)位(wei)高(gao)於(yu)大(da)地(di)電(dian)位(wei)，該(gai)電(dian)位(wei)的(de)幅(fu)值(zhi)決(jue)定(ding)於(yu)地(di)網(wang)接(jie)地(di)電(dian)阻(zu)及(ji)入(ru)地(di)電(dian)流(liu)的(de)大(da)小(xiao)，按(an)我(wo)國(guo)有(you)關(guan)規(gui)程(cheng)規(gui)定(ding)其(qi)最(zui)大(da)值(zhi)可(ke)達(da)每(mei)千(qian)安(an)故(gu)障(zhang)電(dian)10V。duiyuzhiliuhuilushangfashengguzhanghuoqitayuanyinchanshengdeduanshidianyuanzhongduanjiedianyuandeganraozhuyaoshizhiliuyuhuifu，yinweikangganraodianrongyufenbudianrongdeyingxiang
，zhiliudehuifukenengjiduan，yekenengjiaochang，zaizhiliudianyadehuifuguochengzhong。dianzishebeineibudeluojihuiluhuifashengjibian，zaochengjidiandezantaidianweicha

，congeryingxiangzhenggebaohuxitong。

3加強電力係統繼電保護的方法及措施

3.1協調配置保護人員

在繼電保護中，調度

、繼保、運yun行xing人ren員yuan都dou會hui參can與yu到dao其qi中zhong。三san方fang必bi須xu傲ao到dao步bu調tiao一yi致zhi，思si想xiang統tong一yi。使shi三san方fang人ren員yuan合he作zuo意yi識shi與yu新xin型xing保bao護hu一yi道dao跟gen上shang去qu。擺bai好hao自zi己ji的de位wei置zhi。要yao明ming確que繼ji保bao人ren員yuan與yu電dian網wang調tiao度du和he基ji層ceng運yun行xing人ren員yuan一yi樣yang。是shi電dian網wang生sheng產chan的de第di一yi線xian人ren員yuan，工gong作zuo一yi樣yang，目mu標biao一yi樣yang。

3.2完善規章製度

根據繼電保護的特點，健全和完善保護裝置運行管理的規章製度是十分必要的。繼電保護設備台賬、運行維護、事故分析

、定期校驗
、缺陷處理等檔案應逐步采用計算機管理跟蹤檢查、嚴格考核、實shi行xing獎jiang懲cheng。有you效xiao促cu進jin繼ji電dian保bao護hu工gong作zuo的de開kai展zhan。同tong時shi電dian力li係xi統tong在zai管guan理li中zhong應ying加jia強qiang對dui繼ji電dian保bao護hu工gong作zuo的de獎jiang懲cheng力li度du
，建jian議yi設she立li年nian度du繼ji電dian保bao護hu專zhuan業ye勞lao動dong競jing賽sai獎jiang等deng獎jiang項xiang，並bing製zhi定ding獎jiang勵li辦ban法fa進jin行xing獎jiang勵li，從cong而er增zeng強qiang繼ji電dian保bao護hu人ren員yuan的de榮rong譽yu感gan和he責ze任ren心xin。

3.3對二次設備實行狀態監測方法

suizheweijibaohuheweijizidongzhuangzhidezizhenduanjishudefazhan，biandianzhanjidianbaohuguzhangzhenduanxitongdewanshanweidianqiercishebeidezhuangtaijiancediandinglejishujichu。duibaohuzhuangzhiketongguojiazaizaixianjiancechengxu，zidongceshimeiyitaishebeihebujian。yifangmianyingcongshebeiguanlihuanjierenshou，rushebeideyanshouguanli
，lixianjianxiuziliaoguanli，jiehezaixianjiancelaizhenduanqizhuangtai。lingyifangmianzaibuzengjiaxindetourudeqingkuangxia，yingchongfenliyongxianyoudeceliangshouduan。

3.4注重低壓配電線路保護

在我國，無論是城市內配網線路，還是農村配網線路，一般都以10kV電壓等級為主，但是10kV配(pei)電(dian)線(xian)路(lu)結(jie)構(gou)特(te)點(dian)是(shi)一(yi)致(zhi)性(xing)差(cha)。同(tong)時(shi)還(hai)要(yao)根(gen)據(ju)一(yi)般(ban)電(dian)網(wang)保(bao)護(hu)配(pei)置(zhi)情(qing)況(kuang)及(ji)運(yun)行(xing)經(jing)驗(yan)，利(li)用(yong)規(gui)範(fan)的(de)保(bao)護(hu)整(zheng)定(ding)計(ji)算(suan)方(fang)法(fa)，各(ge)種(zhong)情(qing)況(kuang)均(jun)可(ke)計(ji)算(suan)，一(yi)般(ban)均(jun)可(ke)滿(man)足(zu)要(yao)求(qiu)。

3.5實行繼電保護智能化與網絡-

近年來

，人工智能技術如神經網絡、遺傳算法、進化規劃、模(mo)糊(hu)邏(luo)輯(ji)等(deng)在(zai)電(dian)力(li)係(xi)統(tong)各(ge)個(ge)領(ling)域(yu)都(dou)得(de)到(dao)了(le)應(ying)用(yong)，在(zai)繼(ji)電(dian)保(bao)護(hu)領(ling)域(yu)的(de)應(ying)用(yong)也(ye)逐(zhu)步(bu)開(kai)始(shi)。在(zai)新(xin)時(shi)期(qi)，計(ji)算(suan)機(ji)網(wang)絡(luo)作(zuo)為(wei)信(xin)息(xi)和(he)數(shu)據(ju)通(tong)信(xin)工(gong)具(ju)已(yi)成(cheng)為(wei)信(xin)息(xi)時(shi)代(dai)的(de)技(ji)術(shu)支(zhi)柱(zhu)，它(ta)深(shen)刻(ke)影(ying)響(xiang)著(zhe)各(ge)工(gong)業(ye)領(ling)域(yu)
，也(ye)為(wei)各(ge)工(gong)業(ye)領(ling)域(yu)提(ti)供(gong)了(le)強(qiang)有(you)力(li)的(de)通(tong)信(xin)手(shou)段(duan)。

daomuqianweizhi，chulechadongbaohuwai，suoyoujidianqibaohuzhuangzhizhinengfanyingbaohuanzhuangchudedianqiliang。jidianbaohudezuoyongyezhixianyuqiechuguzhangyuanjian。suoxiaoshiguyingxiangfanwei。zhezhuyaoshiyouyuquefaqiangyoulideshujutongxinshouduan。xianran，shixianzhezhongxitongbaohudejibentiaojianshijiangquanxitonggezhuyaoshebeidebaohuzhuangzhiyongjisuanjiwangluolianjieqilai，yijishixianweijibaohudewangluohua
，zhezaidangqiandejishutiaojianshiwanquankenengde。

4結束語

綜上所述，在進行繼電保護時

，一定要按原則將各種因素充分考慮
，以保證繼電保護動作不失配

、不越級。在運行過程中出現問題後，要係統進行全麵、仔細的分析。