怎樣使開關電源對電網的幹擾減少?
發布時間:2012-10-30 責任編輯:Lynnjiao
【導讀】開關電源對電網的幹擾電壓是在電網和開關電源之間加入LISN的50Ω的電阻上測得的。德國標準VDE和美國標準FCC都對開關電源電網傳導幹擾的極限進行了規定。標準又分為A類和B類。其中,A類標準是針對那些用在工業、商業和辦公室環境的裝置的,而B類標準則是針對那些用於居民的裝置而設立的,由於涉及民用,其標準更為嚴格,要求也更高。
減少對電網幹擾的方法有以下幾種:
(1)減少電壓過衝。減少電壓過衝既可避免管子承受過高的電壓,又可減少對電網的高頻噪聲。選擇反向恢複電流小的二極管(如炭化矽二極管)也是一種減小幹擾源強度的可行的方法。雖然調整觸發脈衝的跳變沿和加大柵極的電阻等可以降低dv/dt,但這會加大開關損耗和降低整個裝置的效率,需要從開關電源的各項性能來綜合考慮其取舍。
(2)改進調製方法。將頻率不變的調製改為隨機調製、變頻調製和所謂“∑△”tiaozhidengdeng。pinlvgudingbubiandetiaozhimaichongchanshengdeganraodipinduanzhuyaoshitiaozhipinlvdexieboganrao,dipinduandeganraozhuyaoshijizhongzaigexiebodianshang,ersuijitiaozhidengfangfachanshengdedipinganraozefensanzaiyidingdepinduanshang,yinci,caiyongshangshucuoshiyouliyukaiguandianyuantongguodianciganraodepinputexingdeceshi,shizhifuhedianyuandediancibiaozhun。
(3)增加輸入濾波器。(1)和(2)liangzhongfangfazhuyaoshicongjianshaoganraoyuandeqiangduzheshoude,erzengjialvboqishiconggaibianouhetongdaodetexingrushoude。zengjiadegongmolvboqishikeyijianshaokaiguandianyuanduidianwangdeganrao。ruguobujiashurulvboqi,dianyuanduidianwangdeganraojiangdadachaochuxiangyingdebiaozhun。erjiarushurulvboqihou,dianyuanduidianwangdeganraozehuifuhexiangyingdebiaozhun。zaiceliangshikaolvdaokaiguandianyuanduidianwangdedipinduanganraozhuyaoshikaiguanpinlvzhengshubeidegecixiebo,gusaopinyidepindaifenbianlvwei200Hz,而在150KHz-30MHz頻段頻帶分辨率為9KHz。另外,采用屏蔽措施也可以減少開關電源對電網的幹擾。
電(dian)源(yuan)通(tong)過(guo)電(dian)磁(ci)兼(jian)容(rong)的(de)測(ce)試(shi)鑒(jian)定(ding),達(da)到(dao)標(biao)準(zhun)的(de)要(yao)求(qiu),與(yu)開(kai)關(guan)電(dian)源(yuan)在(zai)使(shi)用(yong)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)會(hui)不(bu)會(hui)引(yin)起(qi)不(bu)允(yun)許(xu)的(de)幹(gan)擾(rao)是(shi)兩(liang)回(hui)事(shi)。達(da)到(dao)標(biao)準(zhun)的(de)電(dian)源(yuan)使(shi)用(yong)或(huo)處(chu)理(li)不(bu)當(dang),在(zai)使(shi)用(yong)中(zhong)也(ye)會(hui)引(yin)起(qi)嚴(yan)重(zhong)的(de)幹(gan)擾(rao)。而(er)且(qie),開(kai)關(guan)電(dian)源(yuan)既(ji)是(shi)一(yi)個(ge)電(dian)源(yuan)裝(zhuang)置(zhi),也(ye)是(shi)一(yi)個(ge)噪(zao)聲(sheng)發(fa)生(sheng)裝(zhuang)置(zhi),它(ta)和(he)受(shou)擾(rao)體(ti)之(zhi)間(jian)是(shi)通(tong)過(guo)耦(ou)合(he)通(tong)道(dao)連(lian)接(jie)在(zai)一(yi)起(qi)的(de),顯(xian)然(ran)耦(ou)合(he)通(tong)道(dao)的(de)特(te)性(xing)與(yu)受(shou)擾(rao)體(ti)的(de)特(te)性(xing)配(pei)合(he)不(bu)好(hao)而(er)引(yin)起(qi)嚴(yan)重(zhong)的(de)幹(gan)擾(rao)是(shi)可(ke)能(neng)的(de),開(kai)關(guan)電(dian)源(yuan)並(bing)聯(lian)供(gong)電(dian)引(yin)起(qi)整(zheng)個(ge)係(xi)統(tong)不(bu)穩(wen)定(ding)的(de)現(xian)象(xiang)也(ye)是(shi)存(cun)在(zai)的(de)。
youdeshouraotiduiganraodeshiyuboxingmingan,ruyoudeshuzidianluzaiganraomaichongzuoyongxia,huichanshengwudongzuoyushiyuboxingyouguan,jibujinyumaichongfuduyouguan,erqiehaiyumaikuanyouguan。jibiankaiguandianyuandadaolexiangyingdebiaozhun,dantaduiwaichanshengganraodeshiyuboxingyinqijiaoyanzhongdeganraoshikenengde。jiyuyishangkaolv,youdekaiguandianyuanyonghu,chuleyaoanbiaozhunjiancekaiguandianyuandediancijianrongxingnengwai,haiyingdangzengjiayixiezaikaiguandianyuandetedingdeshiyongtiaojianxiademouxieganraoxingnengdejiance。
此外,有的開關元件在開通和關斷時產生的跳變是不同的,開通時產生的dv/dt會大於關斷時產生的dv/dt,對(dui)外(wai)產(chan)生(sheng)的(de)幹(gan)擾(rao)也(ye)是(shi)前(qian)者(zhe)大(da)於(yu)後(hou)者(zhe)。而(er)且(qie),導(dao)通(tong)時(shi)的(de)跳(tiao)變(bian)與(yu)負(fu)載(zai)等(deng)因(yin)素(su)基(ji)本(ben)沒(mei)有(you)關(guan)係(xi)。如(ru)果(guo)采(cai)用(yong)隨(sui)機(ji)調(tiao)製(zhi)電(dian)源(yuan)和(he)固(gu)定(ding)頻(pin)率(lv)的(de)調(tiao)製(zhi)的(de)電(dian)源(yuan)兩(liang)者(zhe)開(kai)關(guan)元(yuan)件(jian),如(ru)LGBT,其驅動回路的參數和驅動脈衝都相同,因此兩者的開關的電壓跳變相同;zailiangzhededuiwaiganraoouhetongdaoyexiangtongshi,congduidianwangdeganraoceshijieguodepinyutexinglaikanqianzheyaoyouyuhouzhe。danduiwaideganraodeshiyuboxinghaishixiangtongde,bingbuyidingsuijitiaozhidedianyuanjiuyouyugudingpinlvtiaozhidedianyuan。
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